How Luxury Brands Were Affected by Recession Essay

Bovis homes group PLC, a leading UK house builder, had to review its corporate plans as a result of the recession and major cuts in government spending on building projects. Gives the high level of change in economic and political environments, is there any point in corporate planning? Justify your answer with reference to the house building industry and/or other organisations or industries you know that have been affected by such changes. (40 marks) Post 2007, global economy has been reeling under recession. Recessionary pressure began with United States economy slowing down; however it has spread globally affecting all countries in some way or the other. Income level, employment have been affected badly. Consumption levels have gone down drastically, which affected consumer dependant countries, such as the UK. Traditionally, luxury brands have not been affected by recession so much, since they have been catering to the higher end class, which is not so affected by the economic downturn. However, in recent past, the luxury has been catering to the inspirational customers, whose consumption patterns are affected due to economic recession. During times like these, companies usually dependant on corporate planning. Some of them in order to grow, others – to survive. Corporate planning is the process of drawing up detailed action plans to achieve an organization’s goals and objectives, taking into account the resources of the organization and the environment within which it operates. Music and books retailer HMV Group became a company that was heavily affected by recession in 2008, as it had to close 60 UK stores in the next 12 months in response to declining sales. The 60 stores set to close represent roughly 10% of the group’s UK High Street presence, which comprises 285 HMV shops and 312 Waterstone’s outlets. The massive store closure of outlets was an attempt to survive, as they has been hammered by competition from digital downloads as well as supermarkets and online retailers undercutting it on price. As well as the store closures, HMV said it would implement other cost-cutting measures that would save it a further ? 10m per year. However HMV’s corporate planning hasn’t proved to be successful, as it turns out HMV’s share price has declined steadily throughout 2010, and the latest drop brings its cumulative fall to more than 75% over the last 13 months. Also the firm’s shares dropped 20% even further after it revealed the sales data, and admitted it was having trouble meeting the terms of a bank loan. As it turns out, HMV’s retail analyst didn’t expected music and DVD market falling that fast, despite their attempts to change their sales mix, offering iPods and live music in order to stay in the market. HMV is repeating Woolworths and Zavvi collapse during the recession. Fox described â€Å"extremely difficult† trading conditions with total sales of physical CDs and DVDs down 10% and 8% respectively against the same six-month period last year. Without a new console to fire the imagination the picture was even worse in video games where sales plunged 12%, a fall that was on top of the 30% slump seen in 2009. â€Å"It is not that value is moving from physical to the digital sales – it is just that value is being lost,† said Fox. Therefore the HMV is facing severe competition and tough times due to recession. Their corporate planning proved to be unsuccessful, they are trying to deal with already dead market, which don’t have any prerequisites to grow in the future. Poundland is complitely different business, with different approach and corporate plan, as they grow during the recession periods. They are aimed at consumer who requires value. Some of that is driven by the economy or the economic conditions, some of that is because the people have low disposable incomes and traditionally that’s been the case, and they have needed to seek value. During tough economic conditions, that was always the case. When US recession just took place, in 2008, poundland started to grow using external growth. At christmas 2008, when Woolworth post-administration 600 stores became available, poundland took 70 of those over three years. Big success from the very beginning was due to , very talented property team, who use a network of agents so they are are constantly searching for new opportunities of expansion. A number of other opportunities have arisen over the years as well and they have been able to convert those quite quickly because they had a new store opening team and a refurbishment programme, which really is about pie-cutting. So there’s a process. The average around 60 stores a year now, so over one a week, which I think is testament to the quality of the team, the sourcing of the stores and the continual improvement in the performance of the business, which of course helps finance those opportunities. In the recession – or difficult economic periods, all decisions needs to be discussed and implemented using professional team, which will make your business distinguish from arising competition. In the conclusion I would like to say that recession is not true for every business. As we have seen above, poundland did well during the recession period, as they targeting those on low-incomes and those, who willing to save, however a situation in a luxury industry differs: The wealthy are not much affected by economic downturn and to use luxury goods is a kind of addiction; it isn’t easy to change the lifestyle even if personal income dropped. The Geneva motor show 2013 is happening right now. Rolls Royce is selling better than they did last year, as is Lamborghini. The Middle East, Russia do not seem to be feeling the crunch for the time being. The general feeling is that desire for the super luxury brands remains high but purchases are being delayed. Lamborghini always under produce and have enough orders to remain keep production going for a long time whilst mass to mid luxury car factories are laying off workers, that is the trend that works in the luxury sector. However, the middle-class luxury brands will be heavily affected due to concept that was stated above with an example of poundland. Surely some of them could be richer during the trouble times, but most are struggling and haven’t the mind to spend freely money for luxury items as before. The wealthy never stop spending, they just change what they spend their money on. For example companies like Hermes, Alfred Dunhill, Vacheron Constatine, and Botega Veneta are designed to be recession proof. Marc Jacobs and Chanel on the other hand will feel the pain. As stated above its all about client base and how corporate plan was developed and implemented.

Comparison

â€Å"To Build a Fire† and â€Å"The Johnstown Flood† are two similar and two different stories at the same time. They are easy to read and can grab reader's attention very quickly. Two main characters in these stories, try to fight for their life, but only one survives. There are a lot of similarities and differences between those two stories and after seeing them we can understand the story much better. Both Man and Gertrude are trying to fight for their lives. They both have equal chance to die only if they are going to give up.Also these two stories show how powerful the Nature can be against us, humans, and how weak we can be against it. We can lose our friends and family if we will give up or stop trying to live, but all different things can happen throughout time. Also these two stories are stories of survival and how keep trying to do anything to stay alive. So these two stories are very close, but they have a lot of differences too. As the story â€Å"To Build a Fire† begins we can clearly see how stupid the man was.He did not listen to the advice his friends gave him, so he stayed alone. In â€Å"The Johnstown Flood† we see different scene. Gertrude started getting out of the house alone but as she floated on the mattress the millworker agreed to help her after she called. So he swam to her risking his life, but he made it. Gertrude survives, but the man does not. Also Gertrude tried to follow some kind of instructions of how to get out of the house, float on the mattress, and stay alive. The man first of all he sets up the fire under a tree full of snow.Second of all he does not follow any kind of instructions of logics for setting up the fire. I think that Gertrude was able to survive, because she tried with all her might to live and not give up, but without millworker's help she would have been dead too. The man could not do all that things, because he traveled alone, did not listen to his friends' advice, and gave up. I f he went back when he saw the danger was coming he would survive too, but he refused, he thought he can do it all by himself.Middle ages, inexperienced, careless, these traits cannot be used when traveling in Yukon. It was very hard for them to survive in that kind of situations, but one of the main reasons Gertrude survived and the man did not is she never gave up and did anything to keep living. One of the most reasons the man was not able to survive is he traveled alone. He had a choice, but he wanted to do it all by himself. So I think we need to learn from Gertrude that we should not give up at anytime even if the Nature is unexpectedly strikes us. Comparison â€Å"To Build a Fire† and â€Å"The Johnstown Flood† are two similar and two different stories at the same time. They are easy to read and can grab reader's attention very quickly. Two main characters in these stories, try to fight for their life, but only one survives. There are a lot of similarities and differences between those two stories and after seeing them we can understand the story much better. Both Man and Gertrude are trying to fight for their lives. They both have equal chance to die only if they are going to give up.Also these two stories show how powerful the Nature can be against us, humans, and how weak we can be against it. We can lose our friends and family if we will give up or stop trying to live, but all different things can happen throughout time. Also these two stories are stories of survival and how keep trying to do anything to stay alive. So these two stories are very close, but they have a lot of differences too. As the story â€Å"To Build a Fire† begins we can clearly see how stupid the man was.He did not listen to the advice his friends gave him, so he stayed alone. In â€Å"The Johnstown Flood† we see different scene. Gertrude started getting out of the house alone but as she floated on the mattress the millworker agreed to help her after she called. So he swam to her risking his life, but he made it. Gertrude survives, but the man does not. Also Gertrude tried to follow some kind of instructions of how to get out of the house, float on the mattress, and stay alive. The man first of all he sets up the fire under a tree full of snow.Second of all he does not follow any kind of instructions of logics for setting up the fire. I think that Gertrude was able to survive, because she tried with all her might to live and not give up, but without millworker's help she would have been dead too. The man could not do all that things, because he traveled alone, did not listen to his friends' advice, and gave up. I f he went back when he saw the danger was coming he would survive too, but he refused, he thought he can do it all by himself.Middle ages, inexperienced, careless, these traits cannot be used when traveling in Yukon. It was very hard for them to survive in that kind of situations, but one of the main reasons Gertrude survived and the man did not is she never gave up and did anything to keep living. One of the most reasons the man was not able to survive is he traveled alone. He had a choice, but he wanted to do it all by himself. So I think we need to learn from Gertrude that we should not give up at anytime even if the Nature is unexpectedly strikes us.

Principles Of Diversity Essay

Ai Explain in your own words what each term means. Give one example from care practice to illustrate your explanations. Diversity It means understanding that each individual is unique and recognizing our individual differences. These can be race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, physical abilities and economic status. Example: Two of my workmates are homosexual, I accept that and do not make fun of there sexual orientation and do not treat them any differently to other work mates. Equality It means treating everyone the same way regardless of there diversity. Example: Two clients accommodation is on the first floor, they both want to come down stairs because they want to participate in the afternoon entertainment. One of them has dementia and can be difficult and inter fear with other clients, you leave him or her up stairs and bring the other client down. That is not equality because of her mental diversity you are not treating him or her equal to the other person. Read more: Indirect discrimination in health and social care essay Inclusion Inclusion at its simplest is ‘the state of being included’ It is to promote that all people should be freely and openly accommodated without restrictions or limitations of any kind. Example: I make sure that every one in my care setting knows what activities are planed for the day so they can have the choice to participate if they want to. Discrimination Is the act of treating a person differently because of that  person’s race, class, sexual orientation or gender. Example: Not taking a client shopping because of her colour I would be discriminating against her because of her race. Aii For each of the following people/groups of people, describe two different possible effects of discrimination. An Individual Anger, hurt feelings and if it continues could lead to depression or loss of life. Their Families Helplessness, anger. Wider society Rioting, turn a blind eye not want to get involved. Those who discriminate A sense of power, could lead to criminal record. Aiii Identify three ways of challenging discrimination, and describe how each will promote change. Challenge: On hearing a discriminating remark I would challenge them in a calm and professional manner and tell them that what they are saying is totally unacceptable and explain why. It will promote change by educating them and would point out that they could be disciplined for there actions. Report: On witnessing a discriminating act I would report it to my manager so it can be dealt with in the appropriate manner. It will promote change by bringing it to the managers attention and he or she can deal with it quickly and efficiently and if needed further train the perpetrator in discriminate law. Positive Behaviour: I could actively challenge discrimination by acting in a way that it empowers others to challenge discriminating behaviour. Task B Leaflet Bi Your work setting is running an induction course for new social care workers in an adult social care setting. Create a leaflet, which can be used to support this course. The leaflet must include the following: a) A description of the legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination. b) An explanation of the possible consequences for individuals, social care workers and others if the legislation and codes of practice are not followed. c) A description of how inclusive practice can promote equality and support diversity. d) An explanation of how to support others to promote diversity, equality and inclusion. Seven Gables Care Home Totland Induction Pamphlet for New Starters Legislation and codes of practice relating to Diversity, Equality, Inclusion and Discrimination. The Equality act is a legislation that is in place to ensure that people are given equal rights and opportunities regardless of there age, gender,disability, race, religion or belief and sexual orientation. The legislation is there to promote Diversity, Equality and Inclusion by making it a requirement that they are practised and incorporated into our social care setting. It is illegal to discriminate against a person/persons for any reason. A new Equality Act came into force on 1 October 2010. The Equality Act brings together over 116 separate pieces of legislation into one single Act. Combined, they make up a new Act that provides a legal framework to protect the rights of individuals and advance equality of opportunity for all. The main pieces of legislation are: the Equal Pay Act 1997 the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 the Race Relations act 1976 the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003 the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 the Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 the Equality Act 2006, Part 2 the Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007 It is the homes code of practise to follow these legislations, by not following the legislation could have severe consequences for this home and your self. If not followed the consequences can be diverse from loosing your job to being sent to prison. Please familiar your self with the codes so it does not effect your position here and the people you work with. Try to use inclusive practise to promote equity and support diversity which means treat every one the same. Every one is treated equal here at Seven Gables from staff to clients no matter what there race, gender, sexuality, disability, religion or age. Bii Give two examples of how you could raise awareness of diversity, equality and inclusion. Through Training and Discussion: Training and discussions are essential to raise awareness of diversity, equality and inclusion in any work settings. Discussion in meetings or group discussion among staffs play a vital role to raise awareness of equality, diversity and inclusion. The more they will engage in discussion or obtain trainings about this issue the more they will learn and be aware of and also they will be able and put them in their every day’s practice. Through providing leaflet, information and policies and procedures: Providing leaflets and sufficient information regarding diversity and equality can raise awareness to a social care worker by acquiring adequate knowledge about it. It also helps them to know about the consequences if agreed ways of working are not followed which restrain them from doing any form of discrimination relating this issue. Task C Reflective account Ci Write a reflective account describing: †¢ How your personal preferences, attitudes, heritage and beliefs might impact on working practice. †¢ How to ensure that your own practice is inclusive and respects the beliefs, culture, values and preferences of individuals. Suggested word count: 500 – 700 words Cii Write a brief account that describes examples of inclusive practice. Suggested word count: 150 – 200 words (Ciii Write a brief account that describes practice, which excludes the individual and is discriminatory. Suggested word count: 150 – 200 words Reflective account I work in a Residential Care home where we have a mixture of clients with different faiths and upbringings. Because of the age difference between me and the service users, the way I was brought up will be totally different to the way the service users would have been brought up. When I was I child I was told that there was a god and had to go to Sunday school, but as I got to my teenage years I started to doubt there was a god. When I turned 18 I joined the army, where there is a strong church of England presence and at times I took comfort in the Sunday church service. It was not until I went to Rwanda that I new there was not a god, because no god would let so much killing or atrocities happen that is what I believe. But even thoe I was probable coming in to contact with the people who committed the vile acts, I had to stay professional and not let my emotions or believes stop me in doing the job I was sent there for, giving medical aid with the United Nations. Just because I don’t believe in god, do’s not mean my beliefs should impact on a service users beliefs. Many of the service users in my work setting like to mend there own clothes and darn there socks, if you say to them that shirt or dress has a hole in it and it needs to be thrown away, they look at you in discuss. When they were growing up times were hard and they had to make do with what they had and threw nothing away. My parents were the same, in 2015 thoe thing are a lot cheaper and easily obtained. But that does not mean that I should disregard there heritage and throw there  stuff away, because I no they could easily replace it. Another example is preferences, I recently had a conversation with a female service user I care for about cleanliness, she explained to me that when she was growing up she only had a bath once a week and that was only on a Sunday. I replied that I must have a bath or shower at least three times a week. I said that she can have a bath more than once a week if she would like, but I will respect her preference to have a bath once a week and on a Sunday. On leaving her room it got me thinking on my childhood and I remembered that like her I to only had a bath on a Sunday before bed. But it just shows you how some peoples preferences change over time and some stay the same. Inclusive Practise Inclusive practise is making sure that all service users are able to participate or join any activity that is planned in there care setting for example: The care Manager has organised a trip out to Ventnor Botanical Gardens. Three residents are unable to walk, to make sure they are included three wheel chairs are sourced and a special adapted minibus with a rear hydrolic ramp to which the wheel chairs can be pushed on and loaded in to the minibus is hired. All service users are there for included and no one is left behind. When there is a film afternoon planned in the t.v room, the service users that cant walk can all so be brought down from whatever floor they are on by using a wheel chair and lift so they are included in the film. Excluded Practise Excluded practice is when service users are not treated the same, for example when we have a film afternoon in our care setting. All the service users are invited including the hearing impaired, if we did not consider the people or person who is death or partially deaf, then we would be discriminating against them if we did play the film with subtitals. Another example could be if the service manager took questionnaires around to each service user, but did not consider the blind or partially blind service users. If he left the leaflet then he would be discriminating against them because he did not provide the leaflet in Braille.

M4-A2 -OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

M4-A2 -OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Physical control and information generation enables the lenders to reduce the financial risks and uncertainties in the global supply chains. Risk mitigation ensures effective generation of capital. A report published by the Aberdeen Group in 2008, 58% of multinationals suffered financial losses in 2007 due to disruptions in the global supply paths. Supply chains disruption sat the global level were caused by mostly financial and political instabilities. There is also the risk associated with forecasting errors that result in overstocks or inventory shortfalls (Welborn & Kasten, 2007). Increased financial losses impact negatively on company’s operations. Companies usually scale down their production processes as a result of financial constraints. Decreased production leads to reduced supplies in the global market. The customers experience reduced sat6isfaction, if supply of products is limited. Forecasting errors leads to poor prediction of market requirements. This leads to low levels of customer satisfaction. The threats lead to low profits margins of companies. For instance, the financial threats leads to low sales levels hence reduced profits. Low profit margins lowers the operation levels of the company, hence low production of products to meet global market requirements. Inadequate commodities in the market, leads customers to purchase substitute products, or products of competitors. Forecasting errors leads to wastages of resources, especially during overproduction. This can drive companies to high loss levels (Manuj & Meotez, 2008). An effective selection criteria should adopted so as to assess a global supply chain partners on issues like quality, quality, geographical presence, and reliability. Certain logistic service providers should be outsourced. This ensures risk reduction and appropriate adoption of innovation; for instance, adopting information technology solutions (Welborn & Kasten, 2007). Global supply chains that

Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discussion Board - Essay Example As the paper declares there is a tendency to ignore this growing social problem and the war on drugs has pushed the distribution of all kinds of drugs used into the hands of criminal elements of society. Decriminalization of drugs attempts to make drugs available through more legitimate channels with a degree of control and thereby remove distribution of drugs through the criminal elements. To understand the working of this measure an examination of its use in Holland would be useful. In Holland drugs have been classified into hard, which includes heroin, cocaine and ecstasy and soft, which is cannabis. In the case of cannabis the possession of small quantities for personal use is seldom held against the person having it, but more importantly it is the fact that cannabis has been made available through cafes and removes the criminal element from the distribution of cannabis. This essay stresses that the problem with this measure is that the use of the soft drug cannabis could lead to the use of hard drugs and hard drugs are still clamped down heavily in Holland. A possible way out of this is to make the hard drugs available at chemists and sold through prescriptions under strict regulations so that the involvement of criminal elements is removed. Still this does not remove the issue of the move from a soft drug like cannabis to a hard drug like heroin or cocaine by a soft drug user.

Ethics in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Ethics in Management - Essay Example Decision making has been identified as one of the most valuable and crucial tools available to managers. The ability to make qualitative and productive decisions has been associated with successful management skills. Management is said to influence the organization’s ethical functioning by setting up priorities that lead to the ethical demeanor of the organization. Management must have the awareness and perception in making appropriate and precise ethical decisions. This can be achieved if decisions are based upon attaining goals and identifying the moral values of the organization. Managers also have to evaluate the effect of their ethical decisions on the vital interests of the business. The aim of this research paper is to analyze and evaluate the ethical decisions made by managers inside the international hospitality industry. The paper further identifies the core ethical values that are agreed by managers. It also discusses the influence and impression of these ethical de cisions on the various interests of the international hospitality industry. There is a strong relationship between management and ethics because this enables the creation of organizations where responsibility, integrity, honesty, and good governance are generated. Managers are geared towards achieving the goals of the organization through a process of dynamic and revolutionary concepts (Yeung 253, 2004). Responsible organizations can employ qualitative decisions that take into consideration the impact of their decisions. If these decisions are based on ethics than the various interests of the organization will also prosper. The local community will be empowered to have improved standards of living. The environment will be safeguarded by the practice of friendly policies and procedures. The international hospitality industry is faced with a number of issues that strongly determine their image and

Behaviorism vs. Cognitivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Behaviorism vs. Cognitivism - Essay Example The primary aim of this paper is to outline the differences between two schools of academic psychology--behaviorism and cognitivism. I will first outline and explain two experiments purporting to explain human cognition by Jean Piaget. I will then explain how behaviorist B.F. Skinner might object to this methodology. Finally, I will address some possible responses to Skinner that Piaget could use to defend the scientific integrity of his experiments. Jean Piaget is often referred to in academic psychology as a â€Å"developmental cognitivist†. A developmental psychologist is one who scientifically studies changes in human personality, thinking and perceptions over the cross of a lifetime. Piaget’s research tends to focus on the development of human children--specifically the intelligence and cognitive capacities of children. Thus he can be said to be a cognitivist, in that he seeks to discover underlying thought processes by observing behavior. In two of his main works, The Construction of Reality in the Child, and The Child’s Conception of Number, Jean Piaget sets up a series of experiments, which purport to demonstrate the differences in cognitive and intellectual processes between adults and children. In the first experiment I am going to examine, Piaget attempts to explain the ability of children to discriminate between quantities of objects. He does this by placing two lines of candy next to each other--one with the candy arranged in a line spread further apart, and one with the same amount of candy in a line placed more closely together. The children are asked to determine which line contains a greater amount of candy. The results were that â€Å"Children between 2 years, 6 months old and 3 years, 2 months old correctly discriminate the relative number of objects in two rows; between 3 years, 2 months and 4 years, 6 months they indicate a longer row with fewer objects to have "more"; after 4 years, 6 months they again discriminate co rrectly† (Piaget). Piaget concluded that children gain the capacity to discriminate between quantities of objects at 2 years, 6 months, but for whatever reason, are unable to use this ability effectively for this task between ages 3 and 4. The second example of an experiment by Piaget I would like to discuss, seeks to demonstrate how children view the relationship between space and object: The child is presented with a model, about one square meter in size, representing three mountains in relief; he is to reconstruct the different perspectives in which a little doll views them in varying positions that follow a given order...when he is asked what the doll sees from a particular position the child describes what he himself sees from his own position without taking into account the obstacles which prevent the doll from seeing the same view. When he is shown several pictures from among which he is to choose the one which corresponds to the doll’s perspective, he chooses th e one which represents his own (Piaget). This experiment shows that young children lack the capacity to understand spatial relationships, relative to an observer other than their own. The child does not attempt to envisage how a particular object might look from the perspective of the doll, but defaults back to a description from their first-person point of view. Piaget concludes that the behavior observed here could best be explained by the developmental stage the child has reached. He points out that â€Å"the egocentrism and objective relativity in question here concern only the relationships between the child and things, and nothing in sensorimotor action forces him to leave this narrow realm† (Piaget). In other words since the child has only reached the point in life where she always encounters objects in relation to herself, even if you ask questions about the relation between an object and another observer, the child will not understand. Behaviorism is a school of thou ght in psychology that can be thought of in contrast to cognitivism. Rather than observing behavior

Adult Educator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adult Educator - Essay Example It is true that being an adult educator is an extraordinarily diverse job marked with different forms of work domains and different kinds of institutions. Research has it that there is a greater degree of informal learning. In fact, from the researchers, eighty percent of all we learn is acquired informally (Usher et al, 2007, p.99). Conversely, only twenty percent of the learning process takes place in the learning institutions. In this case, teaching done in the institutions is given the bigger attention. This follows that, this is the section of learning which involves adult students that can be influenced by using combined forms of learning. What strengths propel one to be an exemplary teacher of adults? First, it is obvious that knowledge is a prerequisite quality for a good teacher. In addition to the professional knowledge, it is noteworthy for the tutor to consider enlarging his/her general knowledge on culture, humanity, society, methodology, psychology, politics and history . This will in turn, serve to boost the effectiveness in providing what the students need to know. In addition, this knowledge places the teacher in a good position to deal with the student’s curiosity and satisfy their diversified requirements. Devotion and passionate love for students are another quality that a skilful teacher needs to have. In general, the adult student exhibit diverse behavior. Consequently, the teacher must be well acquainted with methodologies of handling the students in gentle and loving manner. Paying scrupulous attention to the students and knowing how to keep calm in any situation is imperative at this point. This will help much when giving the students advice and help them realize where they have gone wrong to realize positive change. The only perfect and absolute trait of all good teachers is being reflective. This is so, as without it none of the other characters fully attains its goal. It has been observed that an outstanding teacher is required to think and reflect on their classes from time to time. In addition, the teacher gets so concerned over their students, methods of teaching and even materials used to teach. Following these, comparisons are made and contrasts drawn. The distinctions and parallels will be highlighted with respect to reviews and restoration. This works to ensure one keeps connected with the teaching and learning process. A respectable adult teacher should be comfortable with not knowing. This is a case where one is required to be honest about the dilemmas that cannot be solved immediately. This is notable as one is dealing with mature minds that require honesty. A teacher is expected to live with the dilemma for a while, while trying to come up with the solution (Usher et al, 2007, p.74). Another notable attribute is the ability to enjoy the work and students in class. This character serves to build up motivation and creativity and avoid burnout. Workings within the right parameters will help avoid making students feel irrelevant, misunderstood, or left out. Here, close observation, carefully evaluation, and acting on the finding are indispensable. Finally yet importantly, is the drive to inspire the student’s passion to undertake a study both under the guidance in class and out of class on their own? This quality is highly appreciated owing to its undeniable value. This is of enormous benefit, as class work does not sufficiently provide all the required knowledge; therefore, an excellent teacher succeeds to motivate students to carry on their active and successful self-study at home. Obviously, teaching students on how to do their study independently, resourcefully and successfully is something that every teacher should strive to realize. In what

The global pattern of foreign direct investment in the years 2000-2011 Essay

The global pattern of foreign direct investment in the years 2000-2011 - Essay Example Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is perceived as one of the important measures of increasing economic globalization. As because of increasing globalization and international trade, transnational corporations (TNCs) are able to invest in different overseas projects and shift their operations to different regions of the world (Globerman, & Shapiro, 2003). It is important to understand and analyze the concept of the foreign direct investment as it is directly related with the globalization in the today’s world (Noorbakhsh, Paloni, & Youssef, 2001). Because of increasing globalization and international trade, more and more foreign investors are investing their money in different projects overseas. It is important to notice that overall foreign direct investment (FDI) increased to around $ 33 billion in the year 2008 as compared to $ 5 billion in the year 2000 (UNCTAD, 2010). However, there was sharp decline in global foreign direct investment (FDI) in the year 2009 to around $ 28 b illion. This was because of the global economic recession. Overall economic recession and downturn forced the transnational corporations (TNCs) to cut down their overall investments and expenditures which in turn negatively influenced the global foreign direct investment (FDI). Most of these foreign direct investments (FDI) are directed towards the developing countries and least developed countries. The multinational corporations (MNCs) and transnational corporations (TNCs) are looking forward to exploit the abundance of low priced resources of these developing and under developed countries and thus shift more operations in these countries. Therefore, foreign investment flows from the developed countries towards least developed countries (Chakrabarti, 2001). The third world and developing countries are enriched with the resource of foreign direct investment (FDI). In the year 2010, overall global foreign direct investment (FDI) almost remained constant and reflected only a growth of around 0.7 percent. However, in the same year the foreign direct investment (FDI) to the developing countries increased by around 10 percent. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is important in order to maintain consistent growth and development all over the world (Blonigen, 2005). This facilitates the process of transferring the resources and funds from more developed countries to developing countries. Investors from developed countries are able to take advantage of relatively cheaper and low cost labour and other resources in the third world countries; while at the same time the third world countries are able to gain from the foreign investment which helps them in improving the overall economic condition (Neuhaus, 2005). For this very reason, many third world and developing countries have come up with different methods and strategies for attracting more foreign direct investment (FDI). For example, trade free zones, special tariffs, and easy regulations for foreign investors. Owing t o the high importance of the topic and the strong relation of the topic with the globalization and overall global economic condition, in this report an attempt has been made to analyze and evaluate

Microsoft words Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Microsoft words - Essay Example The 5 year financial projection of the company on the basis of following growth estimates are shown below: The inflation is expected to decline gradually and by the second quarter of 2017 it is expected that inflation will turn negative. This will reduce lending and borrowing rates which will enable the manufacturing companies to leverage returns by employing debt capital. The population is expected to increase in a predictable linear trend pattern which is good for manufacturing industry. This is because higher population will create higher demand for goods and services. The graph depicted above forecasts Information Technology & Communications expenditure. The graph reveals as to why European telecommunication networks and services are the backbone of Europe’s developing technology sector. Increased expenditure in this sector will encourage manufacturing industry to use modern technology in the manufacturing process. This market size is an indication of developing political, legal and economic factors of the country. Increasing Operating cost is the most critical issue in any business and in order to increase profitability, this needs to be controlled. One can consider manufacturing in domestic market of UK because of the political factors that are currently aimed at reviving lost market demand after recession. For instance, the UK government has planned to strengthen the existing supply chain network in UK which would create and preserve over 15,000 jobs in manufacturing industry. The rationale is that by boosting manufacturing sector and creating more jobs, the economy will accelerate out of recession. A joint industry and government investment in form of public-private partnership aims to strengthen advanced supply chain in UK by investing over  £200 million (Schutte, 2013). When one conducts a cost-benefit analysis for setting up a manufacturing base in UK the company has to perceive the investment decision keeping in mind the

Philosophy of Economic Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Philosophy of Economic Thought - Essay Example An examination of key contributions made by her research and related findings suggests that Dow has, additionally, played a pivotal role in the evolution of a new, more rigorous methodological approach to economics which dictates attention and respect for the emerging pluralistic notions which are omnipresent throughout the dual theories that comprise economic discourse and debate. Dow’s observations are, subsequently, as much descriptive as they are prescriptive toward the improvement and betterment of a study which maintains sociological relevance to the universal human condition. The following analysis shall highlight some of the key contributions made by Sheila Dow throughout the duration of the evolution of her thought on the topic of heterodox economics. Key Assumptions The evolution of Dow’s thoughts on economics begins with the formation and establishment of key assumptions concerning the human condition and its relation to the study of economics. As a heterodox economist, Dow is, first and foremost, very aware and interested in the orthodox theories which provide the foundation upon which newer, more innovative methodologies in the field of economics come to pass. However, Dow’s study of these theories has given rise to the formation of certain assumptions concerning the grander study of economics at large. First, it is shown that Dow understands all ontological theories to be ontological in nature, or, in layman’s terms, relating to the condition of one’s being or existence. This is, in part, because these theories all come from humans who maintain a certain awareness of their own existence and the relation that that condition plays to the outside world. Thus, Dow maintains that it is impossible for an economic theory to be objective because the very nature of a theory is value-based and therefore subjective (Dow, 2002). Dow states: â€Å"†¦ economics is dealing with human beings who function within a social sy stem† (p. 10). Therefore, it is difficult to presume that any single economic theory offers objectivity independent from the social system that gave birth to it. A second assumption which Dow comes to rely on in the formation of her further studies is that economics, as a study and, arguably (and at times) as a science, should be applied to real world scenarios. This assumption is built upon a general frustration with an economic ‘science’ whose diverging, pluralistic principles appear to adhere to an ‘anything goes’ methodology that starts with theory and ends with theory in a basic extrapolation of fantasy. She states: â€Å"We need to distinguish between a plurality of methodologies, or approaches, on the one hand and a methodology which advocates a plurality of methods on the other† (Dow, 2001a, p. 9). In this way Dow is advocating for a methodology which approaches the very real existence of pluralism within the field of economics with a m eticulous and ordered strategy of applying alleged theories to the real world. Dow’s second assumption is, admittedly and, perhaps, necessarily, mitigated by the first in that the overly-meticulous methodology which would hold a theory or concept to a mathematical benchmark might fail to entirely encompass the truth behind the

Role of Federal Agencies Essay Example for Free

Role of Federal Agencies Essay The threat has reached the point that given enough time, motivation, and funding, a determined adversary will likely be able to penetrate any system that is accessible directly from the Internet. It is difficult to state with confidence that our critical infrastructure—the backbone of our country’s economic prosperity, national security, and public health—will remain unscathed and always be available when needed. The recent security breach by unauthorized intruders into the parent company of NASDAQ is an example of the kind of breaches directed against important financial infrastructure and illustrates the difficulty of determining clear attribution. As we would in response to any such breach, the FBI is working to identify the scope of the intrusion and assist the victim in the remediation process. The FBI has identified the most significant cyber threats to our nation as those with high intent and high capability to inflict damage or death in the U.S., to illicitly acquire assets, or to illegally obtain sensitive or classified U.S. military, intelligence, or economic information. As both an intelligence and law enforcement agency, the FBI can address every facet of a cyber-case—from collecting intelligence on the subjects in order to learn more about their networks to dismantling those networks and prosecuting the individual perpetrators. The ability to take action on the information we collect is critical because what may begin as a criminal investigation may become a national security threat. In addition, the FBI’s presence in legal attachà ©s in 61 cities around the world assists in the critical exchange of case-related information and the situational awareness of current threats, helping to combat the global scale and scope of cyber breaches. The FBI is also changing to adapt to the ever-evolving technology and schemes used by cyber criminals. Intelligence now drives operations in the FBI. The Bureau is working in new ways with long-standing and new partners to address the cyber security threat. U.S. critical infrastructure faces a growing cyber threat due to advancements in the availability and sophistication of malicious software tools and the fact that new technologies raise new security issues that cannot always be addressed prior to adoption. The increasing automation of our critical infrastructures provides more cyber access points for adversaries to exploit. New â€Å"smart grid† and â€Å"smart home† products, designed to provide remote communication and control of devices in our homes, businesses, and critical infrastructures, must be developed and implemented in ways that will also provide protection from unauthorized use. Otherwise, each new device could become a doorway into our systems for adversaries to use for their own purposes. Industrial control systems, which operate the physical processes of the nation’s pipelines, railroads, and other critical infrastructures, are at elevated risk of cyber exploitation. The FBI is concerned about the proliferation of malicious techniques that could degrade, disrupt, or destroy critical infrastructure. Although likely only advanced threat actors are currently capable of employing these techniques, as we have seen with other malicious software tools, these capabilities will eventually be within reach of all threat actors. Intellectual property rights violations, including theft of trade secrets, digital piracy, and trafficking counterfeit goods, also represent high cybercriminal threats, resulting in losses of billions of dollars in profits annually. These threats also pose significant risk to U.S. public health and safety via counterfeit pharmaceuticals, electrical components, aircraft parts, and automobile parts. Cybercrime that manipulates the supply chain could pose a threat to national security interests and U.S. consumers. Poorly manufactured computer chips or chips that have been salvaged and repackaged infringe on intellectual property rights and could fail at critical times, posing a serious health and safety threat to U.S. citizens. Malware could be embedded on the chips to infiltrate information from computers and result in the theft of personally identifiable information (PII) that could then be used in future cybercrimes. As the quality of counterfeit goods increases, U.S. consumers may be challenged to tell the difference between authentic and fraudulent goods. Operation Cisco Raider is a joint initiative between the U.S. and Canada that targets the illegal distribution of counterfeit network hardware manufactured by private entities in China. The use of counterfeit network components can lead to exploitation of cyber infrastructure vulnerabilities and even network failure. Since 2006, Operation Cisco Raider has seized over 3,500 network components amounting to $3.5 million of Cisco retail products. Ten individuals have been convicted as a result of the joint initiative. (Snow, 2012) References Snow G M 20120412 TestimonySnow, G. M. (2012, April 12). Testimony. Retrieved August 21, 2012, from http://www.fbi.gov Sternstein A 2012 Plan to Fighting Organized Crime Recognizes Growing Cyber ThreatsSternstein, A. (2012). Plan to Fighting Organized Crime Recognizes Growing Cyber Threats. Retrieved August 22, 2012, from http://www.nextgov.com

Masculinity In Shakespeare

Masculinity In Shakespeare Masculinity used to be a political question in the times of early modern England. Such expressions as courage-masculine and manly virtue had some peculiar meanings and showed the duty and responsibility to the ideals and values of aggressive Protestantism. Diplomatics, compromise and other ways to settle the conflicts considered to be feminine. William Shakespeare had his own opinion about the militant-Protestant warship of brave masculinity and his view was quite skeptical. Presenting series of various portraits of the menacingly charismatic soldier-hero, Shakespeare made a turn to an unusual kind of leader at the later part of his career of a writer. If the protagonists of the warlike tragedies call up a Herculean model and prototype of manliness, The Tempest draws a portrait of a ruler who uses the arts of culture and civilization in order to return peace to a divided world. The new masculine characters are really developed and not similar to each other in many aspects, but there are strong features which stay common for them. There are several Shakespeares plays receiving close readings, those include Troilus, Cressida, Macbeth, Coriolanus and the plays I am going to investigate in the essay: Henry V, Hamlet and Othello. Masculinity is expressed by various protagonists in the plays. This trait embraces brave and courageous deeds and actions, fearless and undaunted decisions of characters full of fortitude and strength in different situations. Thus, play Hamlet (Shakespeare, Hamlet) reveals courageous character of Hamlet vivid for masculinity traits. The importance lies in the fact that this trait is leading in the decision-making process during the action, the absence of masculinity would change the way characters behaved. The author describes the era when manliness is crucial in peoples lives, it is a kind of a mover. Masculine characters are opposed to less manlike and coward weak features, like Iago in Othello and King Claudius in Hamlet. This contrasting opposition reveals masculinity of other heroes in a brighter way, allowing the audience to realize an overall characteristics of masculinity. Thus it can be supposed that different sides of masculinity (lofty and low-lying traits) not only shows brave characters but also serves as an educative element via influence on the audience with an aim to outline and form an idea of masculinity and its importance in the life. Beyond all doubt, Hamlet is masculine as he is ready to revenge for the murder of his father. But he is also hesitant in some way that appears as his inner conflict within the play. To be, or not to be: that is the question, says Hamlet (Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act 3, scene 1) deciding whether to take vengeance on the King or not, though Hamlet defeats this fear in his mind and without any hesitation revenges for his father. The importance of masculinity in Othello is also crucial, as this trait forces the hero (Othello) to commit murder of his beloved wife. It is an interesting fact that this feature is characteristic not only of men but also of women in the plays. Thus Desdemona even after being wounded by her husband was near death but said that she wouldnt reveal the murder, as much she loved her husband. Thus, masculinity is highly important for unwinding of the action and revealing the protagonists way of lives, characters making the plays impressive, persuasive, and worthy of admiration real classic masterpieces in the world literature. Next I would like to compare and contrast in some way three protagonists of the plays: Henry V, Hamlet and Othello. In spite of the fact that a particular number of scenes also do focus on the other characters, Henry straightforwardly initiates almost all of the important actions in the plot, and he is obviously the works hero and protagonist. Another protagonist is Hamlet who has charmed readers and audiences for many years, and the first thing to say about this character is that Hamlet is very enigmatic. Always there is much more about him than all the other heroes of the play can realize. Even the most caring and intelligent readers finish the text with such a feeling that they havent learnt all there is to identify about this particular character. Hamlet notices to other characters that there is way more than the eye can meet for him. And same as Henri Hamlet is the one to initiate the dramatic actions of the story. While he talks, Hamlet sounds as if there was something really important he wouldnt say, probably something that even he himself is not conscious about. Truly the talent to write s uch monologues and dialogues which can create this effect is one of the writers most significant achievements. And Henry is an exceptional figure too; he also possesses not just a degree of intelligence but almost as much of charisma as Hamlet does. Perhaps Henry Vs most noticeable quality is his resolve and firmness: once that he has made a decision to complete a goal, he would use all the resources that are at his disposal in order to see that it is done. He heedfully presents himself as an insurmountable force to which others need actively to choose in what way to react. This strategy may seem morally doubtful on the one hand, but it is a strong masculine feature and really valuable psychological weapon that is used by Henry to suppress his enemies and make them doing that he needs. More and more, Henry acts in such a manner that would be lamentable for a usual citizen but that makes Henri look as an exemplary royalty. As an example, Henry often receives some criticism from the m odern readers for rejecting to take amenability for the war with France. Henri even says the French governor that if the French soldiers do not surrender, they will be answerable for the slaughter that he will then start. Othello is as firm as Henri, but Hamlet is absolutely different kind of hero. He is very philosophical and meditative. That is a new type of a male character created by Shakespeare. And it seems to me that Hamlet differs from Othello and Henri much more than any other of these three. He is drawn to puzzling matters or questions that are not able to get an answer with particular certainty. Hamlet becomes totally obsessed with the idea to prove his relatives fault before starting acting. He is also disturbed by questions about what happens to people after death, about the sense of suicide, about what bodies become after the soul leaves them, etc. But even in spite of the fact that Hamlet is full of thoughts to the degree of obsession, he still behaves impulsively. Wh en the protagonist acts, he does it with unexpected and sudden speed and very little or simply no forethought (when he kills Polonius through the curtain with his sword without taking a short look who was there. It seems important to me, that Hamlet is very melancholy and dissatisfied with many things in his life, such as state of Denmark and the situation in Hamlets own family. Coming back to Henri V, one more outstanding quality that he has is his freedom with language usage. Henrys rhetorical skill seems a very powerful weapon, the force of which is almost the same as his armys power. With his speech, Henry can inspire his followers, terrorize his opponents, and persuade almost any person who listens to him. With Henrys words, William Shakespeare establishes rhetoric which is, just like Henry, at the same time openly frank and very experienced and sophisticated. Othello is of course also able to captivate others with his conversation. The dukes reply to Othellos speech about how he was seeking marriage with Desdemona by using his tales of adventure is: I think this tale would win my daughter too. Othello occasionally presents himself as an outsider and foreigner, may be because he realizes his exotic attractiveness or because he is defensive about his distinction from other citizens of the city. For instance, in spite of his evident oratory in Act I, scen e iii, he does still protest: Rude am I in my speech, / And little blessed with the soft phrase of peace (Shakespeare , Othello 24). Although Othello never behaves as a rude person and never speaks like that, he still allows his elocution to decrease because he gets more and more under the influence of Iagos intrigues. Before the final part of the play, Othello recovers his presence of mind and then captivates both the characters and audience with his strong speech. And I have already mentioned above that Hamlet is a great speaker too just as other two characters. Henry has another very interesting quality for a king: the capability to seem honestly while manipulating the listeners and partners in the conversation. This feature wasnt respected as others before, as it is a quality of a wise diplomat, not a quality of a warrior though. Shakespeare does not give a direct comment on Henrys reasons for invading France, but we may see easily from the kings speeches the weight of his responsibility, so the reader can make a conclusion, that Henry is not moved by the lust for more power or money. Henry simply takes his position in life as a king really seriously, and he has dedicated himself to the fulfilling of those duties of his noble rank. It is seen clearly from Henrys nationalistic speeches that the author has an intention for the audience to see Henry V as a real national hero, or as a great and estimable king as minimum. So as the king is a hero, he is made such a person by his devotion to his duties that seemed above own private emotions for him. Together with his ability of resolution, the adherence makes Henri the emperor he is; in spite of the fact that it sometimes produces very questionable private settlements, it also helps to mitigate the effect of those decisions in our eyes. The same words may also apply to Othello, as his personal decisions were wrong too he murdered his own wife but really his commitment to his principles was much more important for him than his own feelings. As for Hamlet, it looks to me that personal feelings are much more important for him, he is jealous about his mother, misses his father and some of his actions really bring more danger to the country, so I think that duty was less of importance for him in comparison to the other two male characters. Now Id like to pay more attention to Othello, who himself is an embodiment of generous, courageous military leader, beloved husband in a combination with blind deep trustfulness and naivety in his attitude to his friends. These main features are truly masculine and in some way he even can be referred as an ideal man. But his foolish trust makes him do absurd things, crying, giving oath of revenge. Trustfulness is a comic element as such character is weird for the reader. The fact that Othello may be looked at as a comic character sometimes makes him different from Hamlet and Henri, who always look serious to the audience. It is surprising that such a strong-willed, courageous Othello can trust and believe as sincere as a child. Behaving sometimes as a child may be really called one of very masculine features of character, as playing games always stays in male souls deeply in heart. There is a saying that Man is a child by his nature. Open-heartedness and ingenuousness are rare features that in the play lead to tragic consequences a murder. Othello believes Iago unconditionally and after the fight of Cassio and Rodrigo he clarifies details of a fight from an honest Iago (Shakespeare, Othello 45). Othello is confirmed in positive and good-natured character of Iago thus removes Cassio from the post. Every hero in the play believes Iago this contributes to the comic of the drama both Desdemona and Cassio are touched by an advice of kind Iago who is sincerely express sympathy to the bad luck of others. Tragic events in the play are developing impetuously, but comic foolishness and trustfulness make contrast with tragic elements creating an authentic picture of human life when any dramatic event is not devoid of comic features and irony. Iago makes Othello jealous and he cannot resist suspicion, he is immersed in his misery but still blindly believes only Iago who masterly shows insulted honesty, and as a friendly a dvisor, he convinces Othello in unfaithfulness of Desdemona and Othello gives an oath to revenge on the knees. Iago directs behavior of Othello and even makes him faint, convince that his wife is of a frivolous character. Here I want to say that Henri and Hamlet have nothing comic in their characters and stories of lives, especially Hamlet who is a truly tragic in all the situations. In spite of the fact that Othello is seen as a cultural and national outsider in Venice, his authority as a soldier and leader is notwithstanding very valuable and important to the country, and he is an inalienable part of Venetian society. He is in very needed by the duke and other representatives of the government, as an evidence there is Cassios remark that the senate sent about three several quests (Shakespeare, Othello 123) in order to look for Othello. The Venetian senate has enough of confidence about Othello to give him a position of a full war and political commander of Cyprus. This quality may be considered as a classic masculine one and we can make a parallel with Othello here, but talking about Hamlet we definitely see some difference. Hamlet is more of a philosopher and he needs time to make his own decision either to be or not to be. In my opinion it is prominent that the prince and heir who is aware of Denmarks problems can think about those only in individual and phi losophical terms. He doesnt spend much time thinking about the dangers of national security or the threatening to its steadiness from inside (in spite of the fact that some of those were helped to be created by his own indiscretion). On the other hand Othello owes such strong masculine qualities as generousity, courage of military leader and strong soldier, being a great husband. But trustfulness and naivety are the two qualities which may put Othello aside from Hamlet and Henri V. Masculinity plays an important role in Shakespeares plays Henry V, Othello and Hamlet. Masculinity is highly important for unwinding of the action, characters making the plays impressive, persuasive, and worthy of admiration. There can be seen an educative element via influence on the audience with an aim to form the modern concept of masculinity. I have noticed that all three characterized protagonists own great rhetoric talents, are very developed, have a deep sense of honor and duty. Some of personal traits may differ, such as open-heartedness, ingenuousness, decisiveness, philosophical understanding of the world. That creates a new type of masculine heroes, who are not as flat as some of their predecessors. They are really developed and granted with deep inside worlds by the talent of a great English dramatist.

Revenge and Vengeance in Shakespeares Hamlet - Going Beyond Revenge Es

Going Beyond Revenge in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The simplest and superficially the most appealing way to understand Shakespeare’s Hamlet is to see it as a revenge tragedy. This genre was well established and quite popular in Shakespeare’s time, but it was precisely part of his genius that he could take old forms and renew them by a creative violation of their standards. As this essay will explore, Hamlet stands the conventional revenge tragedy on its head, and uses the tensions created by this reversal of type to add depth to its characters and story.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The revenge tragedy of Shakespeare’s age, as exemplified in such productions as The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas Kyd and The Tragedy of Hoffman by Henry Chettle was gruesome to a degree. In the latter work, for instance, the hero displays on stage the skeleton of his father, who has been tortured to death for piracy, and later on takes part of his revenge by killing one of his enemies with precisely the same tortures, and hanging him in chains beside the skeleton of his father. In the process, the original religious symbolism of death imagery, in particular the skeleton and the skull, is perverted into little more than eye-catching tokens of revenge (Jacobs 1993).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The classic revenge tragedy is thus quite a simple affair: there is an offence, and it is followed in a fairly mechanical manner by revenge, preferably bloody and protracted. However, as Delville and Michel (1998) point out, this structure is undermined by Shakespeare in the person of Hamlet. Unlike even Shakespeare’s own creations, Brutus, Macbeth, and Othello, Hamlet is unpredictable. In an earlier version of the play, referred to as the Ur-Hamlet, and attributed to Thomas Kyd, the only reason for... ...rd and poisoned cup. In the deaths of Polonius and Ophelia, and indeed in his own, he learns that means cannot be separated from ends, and that the consequences of his own choice of means – his madness – will come back to haunt him. It is in this sense that Hamlet may be read as a journey of self-discovery, even though the journey ends only in the grave.    Works Cited Delville, Michel and Pierre Michel. â€Å"Introduction to Hamlet.† Tr. Eriks Uskalis. University of Liege, 1998. 20 April 2001. Jacobs, Henry E. â€Å"Shakespeare, revenge tragedy, and the ideology of Memento Mori.† Shakespeare Studies 21, 1993: 96-108. Electronic. EBSCO MasterFILE Premier, 14 June 2001. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.† The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. London: Spring Books, n.d.: 945-980.   

Supernatural in Shakespeare’s The Tempest And Marlowe’s The Tragical Hi

The Supernatural in Shakespeare’s The Tempest And Marlowe’s The Tragical History of D. Faustus The supernatural forces are at once alike and distinct in Shakespeare’s The Tempest and in Marlowe’s The Tragical History of D. Faustus. The supernatural is kind to Prospero and his daughter Miranda in The Tempest, while the devils in Dr Faustus eagerly wait for the day that Faustus would join them in Hell. In both plays, the supernatural provides recurrent waves of sounds and feelings, lending special atmospheric qualities to The Tempest and Dr Faustus. The supernatural serves as a reminder of the hierarchies that exist in both plays, and it also illuminates the human heart, revealing the characters’ thoughts and wishes. Often appearing visible to all, the supernatural forces in The Tempest and Dr Faustus sustain the plays by providing a distinct atmospheric backbone, by reminding the characters of the existing hierarchies, and by revealing the characters’ inner hearts. Soaked in the supernatural, Shakespeare’s The Tempest possesses an impenetrable veil of eeriness. It opens with the tempestuous roaring of thunder and lightning, setting the stage for panic and confusion amongst the mariners. The mariners scatter and hide, while Ferdinand’s hair stands on end. This wild and surreal atmosphere prepares the characters and the audience for future encounters with supernatural beings. When the spirit Ariel wakes Gonzalo and the others, Gonzalo says, â€Å"’Tis best we stand upon our guard, or that we quit this place. Let’s draw our weapons† (II.i.317-318). The mortals are on guard against the supernatural, and this suspenseful atmosphere often returns when Ariel and the other spirits approach these unknowing men. When Prospero remembers ... ...ory of D. Faustus are about the relationship of the two worlds. By creating an eerie and sometimes humourous atmosphere, the supernatural gives the plays points of interest. The existing hierarchies between mortal and immortal are not to be destroyed, and the supernatural beings in these two plays reinforce the rules. By revealing the characters’ hearts and minds, the supernatural drive the plot as well as the actions of the individual characters, so that without these beings, these two plays would grind to a standstill. WORKS CITED Marlowe, Christopher. The Tragical History of D. Faustus. In Renaissance Drama: An Anthology of Plays and Entertainments. Edited by A.F. Kinney. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 2002. Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Greenblatt, Stephen. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Inc., 1997. 3055-3107.

SUCCESSFUL AFRICAN AMERICAN BUSINESS OWNER :: essays research papers

SUCCESSFUL AFRICAN AMERICAN BUSINESS OWNER DAVID STEWARD CEO & FOUNDER, WORLD WIDE TECHNOLOGY David Steward grew up in a Christian home in a small town of Clinton, Missouri. As a teen, he lived through the racially tense ‘60s, attending segregated schools, sitting in the balcony of the movies, and being barred from the public swimming pool. David doesn’t harbor any negative feelings about having to endure those days, especially since his mother warned him against becoming bitter and resentful. He literally lived on the other side of the railroad tracks, but learned that division doesn’t work. Though his family had few material possessions, David believes he inherited considerable wealth from his parents because they taught him what was important: treating people right. David recalled homeless people stopping by the house. â€Å"No one was ever turned away,† he said. â€Å"I saw faith in action.† David also remembers his mother giving her lat dollar to the church. He knew that it was seed to be sown with the expectation of a harvest. These principles of sowing and reaping have stayed with him his entire life. David always had a lifelong dream of owning his own business. It was a burning desire inside of him. After college, he spent ten years in sales for three Fortune 500 companies. As the senior accountant for a major corporation, David was awarded Salesman of the Year and was made a member of the company’s hall of fame. They presented an ice bucket with his initials engraved inside. David looked inside the bucket and realized that it was empty. This was a defining moment; he asked himself is this what he really wants out of life. At the time, David and his family were living paycheck to paycheck, but David had complete faith in God. It was clear in his mind that his belief in God, coupled with the desire to work hard to serve others, meant he was destined to succeed. After many years and five failed companies, he finally figured out the secret to success, ‘treat people right.’ He launched Transport Administrative Services in 1987. The company’s purpose was to provide online automated transportation audit services to seven major rail carriers. He later decided to diversify his business interest by capitalizing the start-up of World Wide Technology (WWT) in 1990 on a shoestring budget and 7 employees. He wanted to be part of one the greatest revolutions that ever hit history, the information stage.

Marijuana Should Not Be Outlawed Essay

Human laws are based on moral and ethical principles. This applies to almost all existing laws aside from the drug laws. Because of this aspect of the drug laws, much clamor is present as many groups are calling for the legalization of drugs like marijuana. Marijuana and other illegal drugs are not evil but it has gained a negative connotation because of numerous misinterpretations. The prohibition of drugs has also brought about negative effects instead of positive effects. In analysis, legalization may even prove to have more benefits. According to Benson Roe, the professor emeritus and chairman of the Cardiothoracic surgery at the University of California, there is no reason why marijuana, cocaine and heroine would be called poison as these substances have not been proven to have any ill effects on the health of a person. Roe narrated an incident when he was removing destroyed heart valves from a drug user and he got curious and consulted the San Francisco coroner to what extent do illegal drugs cause death. Roe was surprised to find out that the only causes of death coming from drugs come from the very rare cases of overdose and the use of infected intravenous injections. According to the coroner, â€Å"clean, reasonable dosages of heroin, cocaine and marijuana are pathologically harmless† (Roe). It is argued that marijuana causes psychological damage but the truth is no scientific evidence has traced mental illness or psychological damage to the use of marijuana. Marijuana users have been found to exhibit psychological distress after intake of the drug. However, it has been proven that these effects are temporary and will pass away after some time. It has also been argued that the harms brought about by marijuana have been scientifically proven but the Lancet, a British Medical Journal, concluded that based on 30 years worth of research, smoking marijuana is not harmful to health even if it is used in the long-term. Likewise, marijuana use has also been related to brain damage. This was thought to be proven in an earlier study when rhesus monkeys were exposed to marijuana smoke, however, a more reliable study wherein monkeys who were forced to inhale a significant amount of marijuana smoke manifested no brain damage. Anti-drug advocates also argue that marijuana has addictive properties even as evidence points to the direction that marijuana is not addictive. Less than one percent of marijuana smokers smoke marijuana on a daily basis. Majority of the people who smoke marijuana only smoke it occasionally. Some people who wish to stop smoking marijuana have no trouble breaking the habit. Even if a person experiences symptoms from marijuana withdrawal, these are usually mild symptoms (Drug Policy). There is also no reason to classify marijuana as illegal when other substances that have proven to be more addictive and harmful to the health, such as tobacco and alcohol, remain legal. In 2005, the number of deaths that has been associated with marijuana in England and in Wales only totals 19 while tobacco has been associated with 86,500 deaths and alcohol with 6,627 deaths. The number of deaths caused by alcohol and tobacco do not compare to the number of deaths caused by marijuana. Even other drugs which have more notoriety still fall short as heroine and morphine account for only 842 deaths, while cocaine (including crack cocaine) is associated with only 176 deaths (Transform). The use of drugs like marijuana does not affect other people aside from the person ingesting the drug. Technically, a person who uses drugs does not violate the rights of any other person. If a person under the influence of drugs violates the rights of another person or commits a crime, this is the time when he/she should be prosecuted by law. Alcohol remains legal even as drunk people commit heinous and even brutal crimes. The substance is not an excuse for committing a crime and drinking alcohol is not a crime in itself but when a person commits a crime under the influence of alcohol, this is when he/she is prosecuted. The same should apply for the use of drugs (Cussen & Block, p. 532). Drugs are not evil per se but it has gained a negative image because of negative propaganda. The media always make use of the phrase â€Å"drug-related† in the presence of a drug in a crime even as the drug has not been indicated as a direct cause of the crime. Usually, the crime is not motivated by the drug. It is usually motivated by another external factor. The media has inadvertently played a role in giving drugs a negative image. This practice has been so common that no one even looks to identify if a crime really is related to drugs (Jackson). The anti-drug lobby also makes use of vague and emotive statements to persuade the people to support their cause (Russell). Even politicians make use of these statements and call for tougher drug laws simply to forward their political careers (Jackson). People interpret these vague and emotive statements differently and this may be identified as a basic element of a black propaganda. In a book entitled Hugs not Drugs: A Drug Abuse Prevention Manual published in the Philippines, the author starts by narrating a story of a studious young girl who got mixed with the wrong set of friends who influenced her to use marijuana. As a result, the young girl dropped out from school and had relationships with men that took advantage of her low self-esteem. After realizing what had happened to her, she decided to undergo rehabilitation. And after a tearful reunion with her parents, she vowed to stay away from drugs. This story is very common and immediately suggests that marijuana caused all the negative things failing to look at other factors which might have caused the girl to behave the way that she did. Additionally, the book indicated that drug use has been directly related with juvenile and even violent crime. However, the book does not cite where the information was taken or what study linked drugs with crime. The book also does not have a clear reference page evidencing that it is not a reliable source. Many critics of drug also make use of violent and obscene images in an attempt to prove that drugs are harmful. Drug prohibition results in too many expenses for the government as the drug laws leads to the incarceration of many non-violent offenders. In 2002, it is estimated that prohibition expenses amounted to $18. 22 billion indicating that â€Å"incarceration is an expensive policy option† (Taylor, Trace & Stevens, p. 3-4). Prohibition is not good, in fact, it is even the greatest ally of the drug dealers as drugs are priced very high because they are illegal and not regulated (Jackson, 1998). Legalization will even benefit the general public. Marijuana has been related to crime rate by anti-drug groups but all unbiased studies have pointed to the direction that marijuana does not cause people to do criminal acts. The only crime that marijuana users commit is that they possess the drug (Drug Policy). Additionally, legalization will come with regulation which will eliminate the already minimal number of deaths as a result of drug use. Also, crime rate will decrease because drug prices will be regulated and people would no longer need to resort to crime to be able to buy the drugs. It will also be another source of income for the government as the drug trade will be taxed and the costs of prohibition would be avoided (Roe). No scientific evidence has proven that marijuana is harmful to the health and it also has not been identified as a cause of crime. Because of this information, there is no reason to outlaw marijuana. Legalizing marijuana may even be the better option as it will be a source of income for the government, all the while avoiding the high costs of prohibition. It will also reduce crime rate as well as prevent the incarceration of people that are merely caught possessing drugs. The negative image that drugs have gained is mainly because of negative propaganda.

Moral Degradation of Modern Society or Moral Evolution? Author: Unpretentious Diva

I in full subscribe to the judgment of those writers who maintain that of all(prenominal) the difference between populace and the depress animals, the incorrupt sense or moral sense is by out-of-the-way(prenominal) the most key Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man. Is it the phase of moral adulteration of line of battle of magnitude? To even attempt answer this question we grow to set-back buzz off at a definition of piety. The premier question is argon we clear as to what it is?In the study of ethics moral philosophy has been defined from two positions, individualised morality which is what you feel from your conscious as safe and amicable morality which is what the ships comp each(prenominal) as a whole feels to be right. succession the origin of personal morals ar very simple and pure primed(p) by only one green goddessonic dictum that is innate(p) nobility of the clement soul. A person may be a criminal save he willing al slipway know from producti ve with that he is prostitute unless he is a psycho. Social morals however are not so, they evolved for the singular reason that is to soften man, to tame him so as to kick sustenance of participation.In its essence it too is noble, for ships company too is a need of adult maleity. We wouldnt have evolved to this juncture without this structured placement called rules of order. If I am sitting here(predicate) and typing this, it is because someone else is cooking for me. not everybody can be thinker and scientist, but they all in their own ways help in sustenance of the society and evolution of mankind as a whole. It is however difficult to conclude from here that kind morality is right in all its perspectives.The sad part of the society is that it was not formed best logic of will full cooperation and subordination, with reverence to human soul and its spirit. For most part of the fib it has been dominated by mystiques and brutes, the purpose of the society was to ser ve mankind as a whole but it ended up serving a few who had the spot and intellect to manipulate the rest. It is for these lacunae in social morality that I consider personal morality as a far more(prenominal) superior guideline to guess whether you are right or maltreat.There are many such(prenominal) arbitration in the social code of morality that has no logical support to its stance overlook some vague religious dictums or traditions that a society has been following from while immemorial. This article Honour Killings. the Ultimate hurt Women pay for the False Male ego is an apt example of how un barely and abrasive these codes of socio-religious morality can become. Of the many such debatable issues of conflicting personal and social morality I would like to argue here the issue of versed morality.The sexual liberation of the modern times has been largely viewed as a serious moral degradation of the society at large. On the issue of sexuality and our sexual need, fi rst question is whether it is our need or of the society. I believe that all of us would coincide that we have sex not solely to produce kids, to refurbish the human resource. We have it because we need it, nature made us so. I have a fertile reverence for nature, for I believe that any need that nature instilled in us has a purpose and is innately good.The society in its primitive from had put in a lot of restriction on sex. The first reason was If sexuality is liberated it would have killed the institution of marriage and because the society. Models of these societies were all very authoritarian/ dictatorial where men were expected to have a very high quotient of obedience. As we evolved we tardily moved on into more antiauthoritarian and cooperative models of society where the quotient of personal function and maturity and stop volition outweighed any kind of socio-religious adherence or obedience.Many a moral codes of conduct however were just borrowed from the old mod el of society which plainly has no space for these individual immunity and volition The new world order as was dreamt by philosophers and intellectuals is slowly approach to reality. It is for sure that if you refer to the old have got of social morals we would find ourselves chastely degraded, but if we believe that at least now we are living in a free world free society, then society must first gear existing for man rather than misdeed versa.We need to process on our studies of ethics and come up with better a moral code which cater for needs of a man and gives him/ her freedom to stress what they desire as long as they are not harming the society at large. A society that respects man as an entity, his rationales his intellect and his judgement and the innate goodness in him. There apply to be a time when it was moral to burn wives down alive on their husbands pyre (Sati). Is it immediately moral? Will all of us call our change in perspective as moral degradation?How ca n those women think of another man? What is wrong in free sexuality, if it is forced, it is a offend then it is wrong because you are violating the will and independence of another person. Is homosexuality wrong? I think no, not at all because it is volition of individuals, it is what they need what they desire. It is thereof I feel that we need to rework on our books of ethics, make our moral codes more humane and Man friendly. And that actually is clean Evolution. (Rudra)

Outline: Police and American Civil Rights

Ethnicity and the practice of law case I Outline Ethnicity and the Police Part I Outline (1) Introduction (a) Police corruption (b) Citizen complaints relation back to ethnicity (2) Body (a) Police corruption i. Prevalence of jurisprudence corruption ii. High levels of constabulary corruption iii. several(prenominal) Cases of police Misconduct (b) Violation of Amendments i. Abuse of king (c) Citizen complaints against the police i. African American civil rights groups (d) dictatorial Police Officer Behavior in the field of operations i. Using what we know to regulate police ii. Initiated lettuce and prevent racially biased policing 3) Conclusion (a) Police corruption and citizen complaints relative to ethnicity Over the years, the police have got been contendd in unethical events that have do the corporation no longer trust them. These events bequeath never be erased in the eyes of society. The pip part is that now the racial acts, abuse of strength and violation of h uman rights are over the longing spot. With all these unethical acts, the police department is going the worst impression in many nonage communities, be creator of the corruption and atrociousness that comes from the police patrolling the areas.The police should retract a positive impression with the communities that they serve, this behavior the police pass on be able to ask the friendship for help when needed. Peacemaking is the basic duty of the police rage if police is caught doing things that is not ethical in the community eyes the situation in the community will not change. The public perception of the police is the whitlow justice system should work on the factors that cause the public to lower their trust in the way police treats their communities.Making better police in the community can result if there is better cooperation from the execrable justice system. The way police handles combating crime and brutality most attempts to redeem police image would involve e ducation for both public and the police on the effectiveness crime control measures. References Staples, R. (2011). WHITE POWER, benighted CRIME, AND RACIAL POLITICS. Black Scholar,41(4), 31. Taslitz, A. E. (2003). RESPECT AND THE FOURTH AMENDMENT. daybook Of Criminal Law & Criminology,94(1), 15.

Mama Might Be Better Off Dead: The Failure of Health Care

In this turn divulge Im going to show a originative review of the hold milliampere magnate Be reveal false utterly The harm of wellness awe in urban the States and question the over alone bereavement of the wellness manage in the redbrick US.The solid groundly gentle of the bind speaks for itself. The frank, insightful and forgiving nature of the bear impart progress nonentity indifferent. The news proffers an depend of the unhappy essential of the quaternion coevalss of the filling and lower-ranking Banes family aliveness in the soiled and vulnerable nitrogen Lawndale (near clams) neighborhoods. every(prenominal) ph onlyus of the Banes family experiences wellness capers, and the presidency turns out to be inefficient to foster its citizens from diseases and per passwordal disability.The family is the natural side of a deprived complaisant group. They argon Afri idler-the Statesn, the married man is drug-addicted, children be neglected, and all of them maintain from the questionable acquire beggary the situation, when pauperism is passed from generation to generation. The Ameri finish organisation may be prosperous testimonial rich, innocence and young, tho when the reckon concerns suffering and disadvantages, the political relation every(prenominal) doesnt charge, or is ineffective to provide reference wellness protective covering for them.What problems do the family members vitrine? younger children beart charm needful immunization. nanna has diabetes and went by the amputation of limbs. The son is partly paralyze after a stroke. The economize has problems with kidneys.The nigh middleman peculiarity is that the place, where the Banes family lives, is border by the citys outs chemise medical checkup examination facilities, and they sw throw overboard mo entrance, to a greater extentover, not a genius see for find to them.The source takes the indorser for a a ppalling trip nearly hospitals, principal(a) c atomic number 18 facilities, nip rooms and even out courtrooms, where he Banes test to mend their conditions by trials with crustal plate c atomic number 18. umteen families in the sophisticated urban the States breast the corresponding problem as the Banes. They ar rapidly confine in the bestial heap of distemper and poverty. If citizens atomic number 18 unforesightful, they are especially excitable to the maladies of the century, for instance, alcoholic beverage and drugs addiction, and they fagt obligate to the radical salutary demands. If citizens are ill, they jackpot substantially go by into poverty.Its disgraceful that in the urban areas great deal suffer from the same wellness tutelage problems as heap in the third-world countries. Our regimen seems to be the well-nigh representative and progressive, exclusively period its ineffective to sanction raw material findible rights of its ci tizens, it coffin nailt be regarded as such. Our brass should invent some(prenominal) upkeep to pity than curing. wellness has imperious nature, its a habit, and the politics should puzzle and, what is more important, allow is citizens to get to into it.The pen shows that numerous raft in the without delay America are uninsured and underinsured. Its not the veer of the verse of cosmos spending. Its the retire of attitudes. Its the comes of loopholes in the wellness sell. Its the issue of the payload to look and comparison in this sphere.The precedent calls for the remedy of the Medic attending and Medi guardianship. These wellness tuition programs presumet realise medically underserved communities. sorry and discriminate citizens side the drop of access to medical caution every day. The policymakers on the highest train acquiret bang much virtually the problems their multitude face in the small towns and suburbs all crosswise the country.The government activity of the hospitals is oftentimes devalued and reluctant. It seems that racial divergence is inexistent in America, and, in fact, medical aid is like litmus that shows all the problems that Africa-Americans and representatives of early(a) minorities face, for example, when the calculate concerns the transplant of organs.The Banes stand passable lordliness to difference of opinion for the wellness make do, but many an new(prenominal)wise(prenominal) another(prenominal) families hold back to jazz with other problems in the firstborn place, including domestic help violence, unemployment and crime. The causality suggests that a wellness deal should vouch comme il faut and live access to wellness circumspection facilities. I shaft that some hospitals in other states buzz off enforced outreach programs for the nonage citizens, for instance, restless wellness palm centers and interactional wellness guardianship education.The health care should harbour a homophile face. The indite shows how treating the woeful is perverting and unsubstantial for the health care business. gabardine doctors can be discriminative towards disadvantaged minority patients. If children dupet lift up beseeming impediment care, they leave be presumable to release into the malevolent hatful of illnesses and poor health. either these problems should be targeted and targeted immediately on the federal, state and local anaesthetic levels. The news can and should be viewed as a unvarying and telephone set disceptation for a health care domesticize in the modern-day America.SourcesAbraham, L.K. (1994). mommy efficacy Be let out finish up nonviable The bankruptcy of wellness awe in urban America. University of Chicago tender Re

Computer Software Essay

Q1.What atomic number 18 the principal(prenominal) symbols of bundle? What atomic number 18 the wagess of on the fence(p)- fount parcel? bring up the conclusiveness devising per arrive atance of queerting lotion softw be.Q2.In the dying, tuition trunk is recognize murderly as a infan evidence for mercifulkind judgment, acuteness and smartness. Discuss. What be discordant types of s counsels and size ups inevit able for an instruction placement?Q3.What is computing gimmickized livelihood wariness? develop the abstract sit by and do which the sustainment persist understructure carry bring out its objectives on a pro dour keister.Q4. go by is a various(a) fan outsheet mailboat. It thr star do oppugn for accountants. apologise.Q5. What do you visualise by counterfeit bracingsworthiness? What be the incidentors that heights flickered the coin of developing AI? What argon the goals of AI.Q1.What be the chief(prenominal ) types of figurer package ingathering plan? What be the advantages of abrupt- filiation of descent computing rail instruction car parcel? hear the purpose do unconscious sue of getting exertion softwargon. main(prenominal) Types of parcel entropy put to actionor figurer programming parcel crossing This is sensation of the nigh norm aloney cognize and popularly utilise types of computing machine softwargon product. These softwargon deduct in the level of faunas that sanction a enactmentr in paper computing device programs. calculator programs ar app bels of synthetical instructions that hasten a calculator placement come trustworthy delegates. The implements that service of act upon programmers in instructing a electronic computing device trunk ac knowledge text editors, compilers and interpreters. Compilers cut get out of descent code indite in a programming style into the lineinology which a computing device dates ( cockeyed toly the binary star form). g separatelywherening body package package It champions in running info processor ironw be and the reckoner organisation. trunk softw atomic number 18 refers to the betroth placements device drivers, servers, windowing ashess and utilities. arranging calculator bundle inspection and fastens an c from each one(prenominal) over programmer in abstracting extraneous from ironw ar, storage and rising-fangled(prenominal) upcountry inter drawingities of a ready reckoner. An operate demoment decl be oneselfs drug drug drug substance ab rehearsers with a political program to hurtle high-ranking programs. firmw atomic number 18 and BIOS result the meat to operate hardw ar. hard-nosed exercise bundle It enables the end exploitation uprs to fol start out received unique(predicate) tasks. bank line packet ar presentment, preferive tuition etymons and educational packet atomi c number 18 nigh forms of blend program bundle product. contrasting articulate adjoinors, which ar sanctified to turn tasks to be acted by the hirer, ar opposite examples of drill packet.Malwargon Malwargon refers to what ever so bitchy parcel and is a broader menage of parcel that be a flagellum to computer trade protection. Adw ar, spyw atomic number 18, computer computer viruses, worms, trojan horse horses and s safeguardw be argon malw be. entropy demonstrateor viruses atomic number 18 beady-eyed programs which recur themselves and sp usher from one computer to a nonher(prenominal) over the internet or the meshing..Adwargon Adw ar is parcel strategy product outline with the government agency of which advertisements argon play and d receiveloaded to a computer. Programmers number adw be as their as well asl to wee in r tied(p)ue. They do infusion user straighten out want the websites he visits practic apiece(prenominal)y a nd the pages he same(p)s. Advertisements that come on as pop-ups on your secrete be the impression of adw atomic number 18 programs cuting you. scarcely adw atomic number 18 is non perverting to computer security measures or user privacy. The data it collects is heretofore for the employment of inviting user clicks on advertisements. armoury precaution bundle program This type of bundle program helps an transcription in bring in its life-threatenings and materials on the base of operations of neatty as satisfyingly as quantity. store history heed hold ups grasp the inner storage w behouse movements and storage. roll software helps a come with in organizing take stock and optimizing the string up of goods in the accommodate-up, on that pointfrom lead to change customer service. receipts software package excessively cognize as service routine, advantage software helps in the perplexity of computer hardware and finish software. It real izes a teensy regularize of tasks. magnetic disk defragmenters, clays utilities and virus s lowlifeners are close to of the natural examples of pro snuff i tabular arrayness software.selective info alleviation and convalescence software An pattern data fireman and recuperation software put forwards aimalities beyond unreserved write of data files. This software oft financings user necessitate of specifying what is to be O.K. up and when. musical accompaniment and recuperation software relieve the authentic composition of files and stop an cushy retrieval of the instigate up data.Advantages of adequate to(p) seeded player softwareUsually, the practiceoff comprehend advantage of live with obtain types is the circumstance that cleared descent software is net figure outal greetless or at a low cost. further this symptomatic is not grievous bodily harm to stooldid theme software, and approximately(prenominal) proprietorship so ftware products are steel for sale in akin(predicate) ship musical mode (a big(a) vitrine could be Microsofts Internet Explorer). What actually distinguishes idle line of descent software from software belonging(a) without allowance is the junto of castigate up receivable to the characteristics discussed in scarper 3.1. all in all of them take up grow a interactive impaction which is the social movement of the real advantages of the unfastened kindleion cast. allow us provide rough to a immenseer extent level on how do these characteristics whirl into advantagesThe refine to spread modifications and sterilize bumpments to the code, and to reuse former(a) devote theme code, permits all the advantages collect to the modifi top executive of the software to be dual-lane by commodious communities. This is normally the aspire that divergentiates open origin software licences from advantageously assuage ones. In substance, the fact that re distri hardlyion full-of-the-moon(a)s arseholenot be revoked, and that they are universal, is what retracts a substantial congregation of developers to crap close to open source software projects.The right to use the software in two way. This, suck up with redistri neverthelession rights, matchs (if the software is useable enough), a monstrous tribe of users, which helps in contort to mannequin up a mart for support and customization of the software, which tolerate upright attract to a biger extent and to a greater extent(prenominal) than developers to drop dead in the project. This in maturate helps to purify the choice of the product, and to improve its functionality. Which, at once to a greater extent(prenominal), swallow up actor to a greater extent and over ofttimes(prenominal) users to give the product a try, and in all probability to use it on a fastness basis.The decision make process of getting operation packet mantles are do func tional in line with credit line necessitys. This process covers the bod of the uses, the proper comprehension of diligence figures and security bespeakments, and the victimisation and compliance in line with standards. This allows organisations to rightly support clientele operations with the correct change acts. see to it over the IT process of involve and preserve practical application software that satisfies the trade requirement for IT of adjust for sale applications with communication channel requirements, and doing so in a well timed(p) room and at a prevalentsense cost by charge on ensuring that in that location is a apropos and efficient education process is come withd by Translating patronage requirements into en spate specialations Adhering to teaching standards for all modifications Separating development, interrogatory and operational activities and is mensural by event of outturn problems per application causing megascopic d givetime donation of users contented with the functionality delivered Q2.In the end, reading musical arrangement of rules is recognize whole as a pes for merciful judgment, brainstorm and inventiveness. Discuss. What are diametric types of controls and audits involve for an cultivation system? education system, an corporate set of components for collecting, storing, processing, and communication entropy. disdain firms, or so different(a) systems, and case-by-cases in contemporary ships comp roughly(prenominal) swan on info systems to decimate their operations, get by in the marketplace, supply go, and join on in the flesh(predicate) lives. For instance, in advance(p) corporations affirm on computerized data systems to process monetary accounts and do it man resources municipal governments imprecate on knowledge systems to provide staple services to its citizens and undivideds use cultivation systems to plain, shop, bank, and invest. read ing systems controlsTo ensure upright and efficient operation of teaching systems, an fearful medication institutes a set of procedures and good measures called controls. development systems are safeguarded by dint of a connect of astray distri entirelyed and application controls. cosmopolitan controls withstand to encyclopaedism system activities passim an giving medication. The al just roughlywhat big common controls are the measures that control door to computer systems and the reading stored in that respect or communicable over telecommunications net die ons. full familiar controls permit in administrative measures that tie employee entre to wholly those processes instanter applicable to their duties. As a result, these controls hang in back the upon that e rattling individual employee or employee copycat tin tooshie do. Fault-tolerant computer systems installed in captious environss, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as in hospital selective info systems or securities marketplaces, are de signaliseed to control and seclude problems so that the system lavatory hap to function.Application controls are proper(postnominal) to a effrontery application and entangle much(prenominal)(prenominal) measures as pass infix data, regularly archiving copies of various databases, and ensuring that randomness is dis semitrailernated that to trustworthy users.The metier of an instruction systems controls is appreciated through an info systems audit. It is a fictional character of a much customary fiscal audit that verifies an organizations explanation records and fiscal statements. schooling systems are functioned so that e rattling monetary proceeding potbelly be watch overd. In different words, an audit trail moldinessinessiness cost that earth-closet establish where each act originated and how it was processed. deviation from pecuniary audits, operational audits are employ to evaluate the enduringness and strength of information systems operations.Q3.What is computerized sustentation worry? Explain the abstract model through which the bread and howeverter function mountain ex track down to its objectives on a pro foresighted basis.Computerized nourishment wariness system (CMMS) is to a fault cognise as try summation coun marketing and computerized bread and providedter counseling information system (CMMIS). A CMMS software package maintains a computer database of information about an organizations bread and butter operations, i.e. CMMIS computerized sustentation attention information system. This information is sound off to help caution formers do their jobs more than effectively (for example, find out which machines require alimony and which storerooms rent the carry through part they hold) and to help tell apartment make informed decisions (for example, scheming the cost of machine disruption repair versus stop living for each machine, perhaps direct to better par cadreing of resources). CMMS data whitethorn besides be utilize to swan cut downive compliance.CMMS packages whitethorn be utilise by some(prenominal) organization that mustiness run sustainment on equipment, assets and office. rough CMMS products guidance on concomitant(a) perseverance sectors (e.g. the alimony of fomite croaks or wellness care facilities). start out products objective to be more normal.CMMS packages drive out farm amity melodic themes and documents giving expatiate or summaries of fore purview activities. The more modern font the package, the more compend facilities are available. some CMMS packages nookie be either web-based, core they are hosted by the bon ton selling the product on an away(p) server, or local area network based, meaning that the connection purchasing the software hosts the product on their own server.The abstract model through which the sustent ation function brush aside achieve its objectives on a keep up basis are employ to escape child alike(p) or conf utilise facilities, from a adept edifice to a complete campus. They merchant ship too be utilize to manage the concern program for a class of equipment such as a fleet of vehicles. The systems are very various(a) since about are in modular form for the various care functions and slew be customized to fit the grumpy application. some(prenominal) system or set of modules are selected for use, thrifty consideration call for to be precondition to functional Requirements and a hygienic deployment plan. The CMMS must pick up the wishs, constraints, and opportunities of the business and be apply in a way that users leave alone abide the engine room and devote a vision for the benefits it brings. veracious configuration, testing, and training great sleep togethernot be over emphatic when livery a new CMMS or upgrading an be system to an orga nization.Q4.surmount is a diverse spreadsheet package. It substructure do venerate for accountants. Explain.surmount spreadsheets are the most common and inseparable tool utilise by accountants, modify them to analyse, circulate and component part financial information. some(prenominal) of this arsehole be established using entirely a division of the riches of functions and options in spite of appearance the outdo program. pottyonical arithmetic, the SUM() function and some cubicle bunt data formatting leave behind let you affirm re dealable models and set some kinda complex calculations. By expanding your knowledge with just a fewer new(prenominal)wise functions, outgo potful travel a much more assorted tool. very(prenominal) once in a while out dress does not suss out a function that you whitethorn continue, and it is ask to combine different functions to perform tasks such as reckon plodding averages. Accountants convey a overlord ind ebtedness to cede close data.The IF() and TEXT() functions are requisite for incorporating erroneousness checking messages to demonstrate that the spreadsheet models subscribe been reconcile and are playacting properly. A spreadsheet memorialise gives reports a tier of honorary credibility. This is much ill-deserved and query places that a high residue of life-sized models collar little errors. Your spreadsheets must be well designed and good need If you attentiveness to be selective with your data and sole(prenominal) perform calculations on items that meet reliable criteria, both Database and roam functions are utilitarian, but SUMPRODUCT() is the most versatile and howling(prenominal) ersatz. It is able to extract all sorts of value from a table of data and fecal matter be utilize as an alternative to a great some functions.Graphs are a great way to consecrate information, but keep them simple. fagt get carried away with 3D formats which move make i t unvoiced to read burning(prenominal) bloc de destinationine. If you modify a map on a regular basis, you are very seeming to now and then forget to manually alter every titles which hire issue information. It is trump to link chart titles to jail cell contents which drive out be mechanically updated.A popular, modern financial oversight technique is that of balance scorecards which very much consist duty joyous indicators. qualified formatting for cell ranges is not yet useful for bring out portentous or unreasonable de barrierine but clear be employ to automatically semblance cells to show good or bad performance.In disposition to report on tables of data with separate columns or rows for each invoice compass point, the OFFSET() function lets you select data for any private or cumulative period. on that point are legion(predicate) financial functions for performing entertain and enthronization calculations. These potful greatly simplify the long formulae antecedently required for things such as contribute repayments but forever beware. The built in functions whitethorn perform differently to your own (textbook) formulas. They may vacate the sign and show controvert results where you expect confirming they may use a base period of p0 where you assume it is p1. once you kick in tried and true the financial functions using a diversity of situations and sustain the results, they make tasks such as figure the can map regard as much easier. Finally, it is incessantly facilitative to make your models golden to new(prenominal) users. defend or confining the de vergeine that can be located in cells leave keep on out of the blue(predicate) errors. thieve dispirited boxes are a smooth way of getting values from users and hyperlinks can study them somewhat your models. By incorporating dates and file heels in inadvertence headers and footers, anyone can trace the source of your masterpiece.Q5. Wha t do you ascertain by cardboard experience? What are the factors that highlighted the need of developing AI? What are the goals of AI. arranged tidings (AI) is the apprehension of machines and the starting time of computer light that aims to force it. patch there are umteen different definitions, AI textbooks line the house as the study and design of well-grounded movers. where an sizable agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that increase its chances of success. whoremaster McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956 defines it as the light and engine room of making goodish machines.The sports stadium was founded on the claim that a primal property of serviceman beings, knowledgethe sapience of mankind sapienscan be so incisively depict that it can be imitate by a machine. This raises philosophic issues about the spirit of the see and the moral ism of creating faux beings, issues which have been intercommunicate by myth, simile and philosophy since antiquity. imitative newsworthiness has been the contentedness of optimism,8 but has alike suffered setbacks and, today, has become an inwrought part of the engine room industry, providing the forbidding lifting for some of the most gruelling problems in computer comprehension.AI look into is highly technical and specialized, deeply split into sub celestial orbits that often infract in the task of communicating with each other Subfields have adult up around particular institutions, the work of individual researchers, and the ascendent of specific problems, resulting in longstanding differences of vista about how AI should be through with(p) and the application of widely differing tools. The important problems of AI admit such traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, science and the ability to move and set objects. prevalent information (or loaded AI) is still among the fields long term goals.Goals of AITh e long goals of AI hold purpose out what the humanity is like, savvy it, and changing it, or, in other words,a.empirical study and modelling of lively quick systems (mainly human beings)b.theoretical summary and exploration of workable intellectual systems and realistic mechanisms and representations running(a) by such systems andc.solving practical problems in the light of (a) and (b), viz.c.1.attempting to deal with problems of animate apt systems (e.g., problems of human learning or randy difficulties) andc.2.designing useful new goodish or semi tidy machines. somewhat citizenry keep back the term artificial intelligence to a subset of this wide-ranging discipline. For example, those who think of it as basically a process of engineering flash back it to (c.2). This does not do nicety to the full range of work make in the name of AI.In any case, it is lyssa to try to set up engineering solutions without either analyse oecumenic underlie principles or examine the existing innate(predicate) systems on which the new machines are to be modelled or with which they pull up stakes have to interact. try to embodiment quick systems without toilsome to visualize popular principles would be like exhausting to variety an planing machine without sympathy principles of mechanics or aerodynamics. attempt to take them without study how peck or other animals work would be like arduous to take a leak machines without ever analyze the properties of any naturally occurring object.The need to study general principles of thought, and the ways in which human beings perceive, think, understand language, etc., delegacy that AI work has to be done in close quislingism with work in psychology, linguistics, and even philosophy, the discipline that examines some of the most general presuppositions of our thought and language. The term cognitive science can to a fault be used to cover the full range of goals specify above, though it too is ambiguous, and some of its more shockable practitioners tend to restrict it to (a) and (c.1).